The Digestive System Review

When digested, proteins are broken down into _____.

When digested, fats are broken down into _____.

Starch is a type of _____.

Your small intestine can absorb ____ without their being further digested.

Which of these enzymes begins the breakdown of starch? 

Starch can be broken down into the disaccharide known as _____.

Protein digestion begins in the _____.

What is the main component of gastric juice?

_____ is secreted by the _____ and acts to emulsify _____ in the _____.

What acid is responsible for stomach acidity?

The layer of the GI tract wall that is responsible for motility is the

The process by which undigested material is removed from the gastrointestinal tract is

The process by which food is propelled through the digestive tract by alternating contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle is

Muscular movements that mix food in the lumen of the small intestine is referred to as

Once a bolus of food has been formed in the mouth, it is passed by the tongue and jaws to the

The ________ is the region of a tooth that lies below the gum line, and the entire tooth sits in a socket in the jawbone, lined with ________, indicated by label ________.

The salivary glands include

During swallowing,

Mucin in saliva functions to

Gastric juice in the stomach is composed of

"Gurgling of the stomach" is due to

Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that specifically targets

Bile is produced by the ________ and stored in the ________.

The watery mixture of partially digested food produced in the stomach is called

The pancreatic ducts connect to the small intestine at the 

In the small intestine, amino acids and monosaccharides are moved into the mucosal cells by the process of

The pancreas aids in the chemical digestion of food by

Nutrient rich blood moves from the small intestine to the liver via

An eating disorder in which someone diets excessively or deliberately stops eating altogether is called

As chyme leav

es the stomach, the acidic nature of the partially digested food stimulates the pancreas to release the signalling molecule,

Which of the following types of diets is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Which of the following vitamins can be produced by the human body?

Water-soluble vitamins differ from fat-soluble vitamins in that water-soluble vitamins

A disorder of the nervous system in which the individual eats and then deliberately vomits is

Trypsin is a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas to facilitate the chemical breakdown of

The appendix is considered one of the lesser accessory organs of the digestive tract

Gingivitis occurs when tooth decay causes inflammation of the enamel and pulp of the tooth.

The condition known as acid reflux occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter malfunctions, allowing stomach fluid into the esophagus

Mucin is a major component of saliva, which lubricates the teeth and causes food to stick together during swallowing.

Stomach acid does not break down the wall of the stomach because gastric juice contains a powerful base that neutralizes the acid before it can cause damage.

Segmentation is the primary means of mechanical breakdown of food in the digestive tract.

The hepatic portal vein carries blood rich in nutrients from the liver to the small intestine; there, the nutrients undergo further processing before they are released into general circulation.

Secretin is released by the liver to stimulate the pancreas to release bicarbonate ion into the small intestine

"MyPyramid" provides a personalized approach to assist an individual in developing a successful nutrition plan.

According to the American Dietetic Association, the best diet is one that does not include any carbohydrates or fats; a diet based on protein consumption is sufficient.

Teeth are located in sockets in the jaws; these sockets are lined by a ________ membrane.

Dental caries are caused by the production of ________ by bacteria in the mouth

Mucosal cells of the stomach secrete ________ , which binds to vitamin B12 so that it can be better absorbed in the small intestine.

Region of the small intestine with the lowest pH is the

"Brush border" refers to ________ found on the surface of the epithelial cells of the small intestine.

The digestion of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates is completed in the ________

The small, fingerlike structure that extends from the cecum is the ________.

Bacteria residing in the large intestine release ________, which is absorbed by the human host and used for the process of blood clotting

Gastrin is a hormone secreted by the ________

Natural sugars such as those from fruit and honey are classified as ________.

Postmenopausal women are often advised to take the mineral ________ as a supplement to their diet in order to prevent bone loss due to osteoporosis.

Secretin stimulates the _____ to secrete _____.

The acidity of the stomach contents triggers the small intestine to secrete a hormone known as _____.

The presence of fatty acids and amino acids in the stomach contents triggers the small intestine to secrete a hormone known as _____.

Brown fat appears brown because it is filled with what?

Most brown fat on infants is found where?

Which hormones activate brown fat?

Which protein is unique to brown fat?

Where does the chemical digestion of proteins begin?

Which of the following statements about the organs of the digestive system is true?

What would happen if the liver were unable to produce enough bile salts?

Which of the following macromolecules go directly from the lumen of the small intestine to the epithelial cells of the intestine and on through to the blood stream?

Another name for the alimentary canal is ________.

All nutrients must cross this layer

Responsible for motility in the GI tract

Good molecules that are absorbed by mucosa enter the blood vessels of this tissue layer

Attaches organs to the body wall; this thin layer of connective tissue is located on the surface of the organs

Elimination of undigested food material, from the large intestine is controlled by

Essential amino acids

Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates the ____ to secrete _____.

Bile is produced by the ____ and stored by the ____ until it is secreted into the small intestine

Produces bile

Releases bile into the duodenum

Secretes bicarbonate and digestive enzymes into small intestine

Mechanical and chemical digestion begins here

Relies on peristalsis to move food to the stomach

Hydrochloricacid is released to promote digestion of proteins

Breaks down proteins in the small intestine

Secreted in an inactive form by gastric glands

Breaks down lipids

Secreted by salivary glands to begin breakdown of starch

Inflammation of the gum tissue, often due to tooth decay

Condition that results when part of the stomach protrudes through the opening in the diaphragm into the chest cavity

Inflammation of the liver, caused by toxic substances or viruses

Permanent damage to cells of liver often caused by long-term abuse of alcohol; results in liver dysfunction

Noncancerous growth of the mucous membrane of an organ of the digestive tract; can be detected by a colonoscopy

Inability to digest milk sugar die to lack of an enzyme; symptoms include bloating, cramps, diarrhea

The outermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract is the

Accessory organs of the digestive system

Truths regarding the esophagus

A bacterium that causes peptic ulcers

High levels of chylomicrons in the blood means excess consumption of